The full guide
How the Spanish school system works
| Stage | Ages | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Infant (Educación Infantil) | 0 to 6 | Free in public schools from 3; nursery (0–3) often has fees |
| Primary (Primaria) | 6 to 12 | Compulsory |
| Secondary (ESO) | 12 to 16 | Compulsory |
| Bachillerato or vocational training | 16 to 18 | Optional, leads to university or work |
Public, concertada or international?
| Type | Cost | Good to know |
|---|---|---|
| Public | Free, apart from books, meals and activities | Taught in Spanish and, in some regions, the regional language |
| Concertada | State-funded with small voluntary fees | Often religious or cooperative schools |
| Private and international | Full fees | British, American, IB and other curricula |
See public, concertada or international school for a deeper comparison.
When and how to apply
For a September start, each region runs an application window in spring, usually between March and May. You list several schools in order of preference and places are awarded using points for things like siblings at the school, distance from home and family circumstances. If you arrive outside the window, contact your local education office or the school directly to request a mid-year place; children of compulsory school age must be given one.
Documents checklist
| Document | Notes |
|---|---|
| Child’s passport, NIE or TIE | And parents’ ID |
| Padrón certificate | Showing the family’s address |
| Birth certificate or family book | Translated if not in Spanish |
| Vaccination record | Translated summary helps |
| Previous school reports | To help place your child |
| Health card | If you already have one |
Languages and support
In Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, schools teach partly or mainly in the regional language. Many schools run welcome classes to help newcomers catch up. Younger children usually adapt quickly; teenagers may need more support.
Older children: recognising studies
Children in primary and most of secondary are placed by age. Teenagers joining the final years of secondary or Bachillerato may need their previous studies officially recognised (homologación), which can take months, so start early.
Frequently asked questions
Is school free for foreign children?
Yes. Public education is free for all children living in Spain, whatever their nationality.
Can my child start mid-year?
Yes. Apply through the local education office; your child is entitled to a place during compulsory schooling.
Do children need to speak Spanish first?
No. Schools enrol children who don’t speak Spanish and often provide extra support.
