The full guide
What is the NIE?
The NIE, or Número de Identidad de Extranjero, is the identification number Spain gives to foreigners. It’s used for tax, contracts and most official paperwork. You need one to buy property, open many bank accounts, sign an employment contract, start a business or register a car.
The NIE is a number, not a residence permit. Getting an NIE doesn’t give you the right to live in Spain. If you’re moving on a visa, your NIE is assigned during that process and printed on your TIE card.
Where can you apply?
| Route | Best for |
|---|---|
| Police station in Spain | People already in Spain, with an appointment |
| Spanish consulate abroad | Buyers or investors who need it before travelling |
| Representative in Spain | People who can’t attend, via a lawyer or gestor with power of attorney |
Documents checklist
| Document | Notes |
|---|---|
| Form EX-15 | Two copies, completed and signed |
| Fee receipt | Modelo 790 código 012, €9.84, stamped by the bank |
| Passport | Original and a copy (EU citizens can use their national ID) |
| Reason for the NIE | For example a reservation contract, job offer or university admission |
| Appointment confirmation | Printed or on your phone |
| Power of attorney | Only if a representative applies for you |
Foreign documents need an apostille and a sworn translation into Spanish. See getting documents translated and apostilled.
How to book the appointment
Use the government cita previa site, pick your province and choose the option for NIE certificates and assignment. Each family member needs their own appointment. Appointments are free. In busy provinces such as Barcelona, Madrid and Málaga, new slots are released at set times, often early in the morning, so check regularly. See how to book a cita previa without paying a broker.
How long does it take?
The official maximum to resolve an NIE application is five days, and many offices issue the white NIE certificate the same day. The hardest part is usually getting the appointment.
Common mistakes
Paying for appointments. Cita previa slots are free. Paying a reseller risks fraud and your data.
No reason document. You must explain why you need an NIE. Bring evidence.
Wrong fee option. On the 790-012, choose the option for assigning an NIE at the person’s request.
One appointment for the family. Every applicant needs their own slot.
Frequently asked questions
Does the NIE expire?
No. The number is yours for life. The white certificate shows a date, but the number itself doesn’t change.
Do EU citizens need an NIE?
Yes. EU citizens moving to Spain get their NIE when they register as residents. EU citizens who aren’t moving can request one with form EX-15.
What do I do after I get my NIE?
If you’re moving, register on the padrón next, then sort out your social security number and bank account.
